ASME B16.5 is the most common use standard specification for manufacturing cast and forged steel pipe flange and flanged fittings.

ASME B16.5是製造鑄鍛鋼管法蘭和法蘭配件最常用的標準規範。

The Brief History of ASME B16.5

ASME B16.5簡史

ASME B16.5 is the standard specification for pipe flanges and flanged fittings sized from NPS 1/2 (DN 15) to NPS 24 (DN 600). It is the most widely used flange standard in piping industry. This standard is developed by the sectional Committee B16 of Americal Standards Association (ASA). It is derived from the 1932 revision of ASA B16E. During its development history, the standard had been published as ASA B16.5, ANSI B16.5, ASME/ ANSI B16.5. Then, on October 3, 1996, it was approved with the new formal designation ASME B16.5. So far, we have several editions of ASME B16.9: 2003, 2009, and 2013.

ASME B16.5是尺寸從NPS 1/2（DN 15）到NPS 24（DN 600）的管道法蘭和法蘭配件的標準規範。它是管道行業中使用最廣泛的法蘭標準。本標準由美國標準協會（ASA）B16分會製定。它源自1932年修訂的ASA B16E。在其發展曆史上，該標準曾被發布為ASA B16.5、ANSI B16.5、ASME/ANSI B16.5。然後，在1996年10月3日，它被批準為新的正式名稱ASME B16.5。到目前為止，蜜桃一区二区精品有幾個版本的ASME B16.9:2003、2009和2013。

ASME B16.5 standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flange and flanged fittings. ASME B16.5 standard covers Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings from NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch in pressure class 150 to class 2500. 

ASME B16.5標準涵蓋了壓力溫度額定值、材料、尺寸、公差、標記、測試以及為管道法蘭和法蘭配件指定開口的方法。ASME B16.5標準涵蓋了壓力等級為150至2500的NPS 1/2至NPS 24公製/英寸的鋼管法蘭和法蘭配件。

ASME B16.5 limited to:

ASME B16.5僅限於：

• Flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials由鑄造或鍛造材料製成的法蘭和法蘭配件
• Blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged or plate materials.盲板和某些由鑄造、鍛造或板材製成的異徑法蘭。
• Flange bolting, gaskets and joints.法蘭螺栓、墊片和接頭。

Unit單元

Flanges with rating class of 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900# and 1500# in sizes NPS 1/2 to 24. For 2500# in sizes from NPS 1/2 to NPS 12, with requirements in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units.

額定等級為150#、300#、400#、600#、900#和1500#的法蘭，尺寸為NPS 1/2至24。對於尺寸從NPS 1/2到NPS 12的2500#，要求采用公製和美國慣用單位，螺栓和法蘭螺栓孔的直徑以英寸單位表示。

Flanged fittings with 150#, 300# in sizes of NPS 1/2 to NPS 24, expressed in inch Units.

尺寸為NPS 1/2至NPS 24的150#、300#法蘭配件，單位為英寸。

Flanged fittings with 400#, 600#, 900#, and 1500# from NPS 1/2 to NPS24, and 2500# from NPS 1/2 to NPS 12, which only US. Customary units are provided. More details visit Nonmandatory Appendix E in ASME B16.5.

NPS 1/2至NPS24的400#、600#、900#和1500#以及NPS 1/2至NPS 12的2500#法蘭配件，僅提供美國慣用單位。更多詳細信息請訪問ASME B16.5中的非強製性附錄E。

ASME B16.5 Ratings Designation

ASME B16.5額定值名稱

Class, followed by a dimensionless number, is the designation for pressure-temperaure ratings as follows:

壓力-溫度額定值的名稱如下：

Class   150   300   400   600   900   1500   2500

Size

In NPS, is designation for nominal flange or flange fittings size. NPS related to nominal diameter, DN in international standards, relations as below:

在NPS中，表示標稱法蘭或法蘭配件尺寸。NPS與公稱直徑、DN在國際標準中的關係如下：

Note: For NPS ≥ 4, the related DN = 25 multiplied by the NPS number. For example NPS 10 is DN250.

注：對於NPS≥4的情況，相關DN=25乘以NPS編號。例如，NPS 10為DN250。

Pressure-Temperature Rating壓力溫度額定值

The pressure-temperature rating is the maximum allowable working pressure (bar unit) of the material and grade used at the rated temperature (Celsius).

Flanged Joints

壓力溫度額定值是在額定溫度（攝氏度）下使用的材料和等級的最大允許工作壓力（巴單位）。

法蘭接頭

A flanged joint is composed of separate and independent, although interrelated components: the flanges, gasket, and bolting, which are assembled by another influence, the assembler. Proper controls must be exercised in the selection and application for all these elements to attain a joint that has acceptable leak tightness. Special techniques, such as controlled bolt tightening, are described in ASME PCC-1

法蘭接頭由單獨且獨立但相互關聯的部件組成：法蘭、墊片和螺栓，這些部件由另一個影響因素組裝而成，即組裝人員。在選擇和應用所有這些元件時必須進行適當的控製，以獲得具有可接受密封性的接頭。ASME PCC-1中描述了特殊技術，如受控螺栓擰緊

Mixed Flanged Joints混合法蘭接頭

If the flanges of a flange joint have different pressure-temperature ratings, the flange joint shall be rated for the lower of the two ratings at that temperature at any temperature.

如果法蘭接頭的法蘭具有不同的壓力-溫度額定值，則法蘭接頭在任何溫度下在該溫度下的額定值應為兩個額定值中的較低值。

Rated temperature額定溫度

The rated temperature corresponding to the rated pressure is refers to the temperature of the pressure vessel of the flange and flange fittings. This temperature is generally the same as the temperature of the stored liquid.

額定壓力對應的額定溫度是指法蘭和法蘭配件的壓力容器的溫度。該溫度通常與儲存液體的溫度相同。

Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of the contained fluid is the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable codes and regulations. For any temperature below−29°C (−20°F),the rating shall be no greater than the rating shown for −29°C(−20°F).

根據適用規範和法規的要求，用戶有責任使用與所含流體溫度以外的溫度相對應的壓力等級。對於低於-29°C（-20°F）的任何溫度，額定值不得大於-29°C（-20°F）所示的額定值。

Temperature Consideration

溫度考慮因素

Whether flange joints are used at high or low temperatures, leakage due to external forces and moments generated by the connected piping or equipment should be considered. To prevent leakage, pipe flanges and flanged fittings should avoid the application of severe external loads and sharp thermal gradients.

無論法蘭接頭是在高溫還是低溫下使用，都應考慮連接管道或設備產生的外力和力矩造成的泄漏。為防止泄漏，管道法蘭和法蘭配件應避免施加嚴重的外部載荷和急劇的熱梯度。

High Temperature高溫

Application at temperatures in the creep range will result in decreasing bolt loads as relaxation of flanges, bolts, and gaskets takes place. Flanged joints subjected to thermal gradients may likewise be subject to decreasing bolt loads. Decreased bolt loads diminish the capacity of the flanged joint to sustain loads effectively without leakage. At temperatures above 200°C (400°F) for Class 150 and above 400°C (750°F) for other class designations, flanged joints may develop leakage problems unless care is taken to avoid imposing severe external loads, severe thermal gradients, or both.

在蠕變範圍內的溫度下應用會導致螺栓載荷降低，因為法蘭、螺栓和墊片會鬆弛。承受熱梯度的法蘭接頭可能同樣會受到螺栓載荷的減小。螺栓載荷的減少會降低法蘭接頭有效承受載荷而不泄漏的能力。在150級溫度高於200°C（400°F）和其他等級溫度高於400°C（750°F）的情況下，法蘭接頭可能會出現泄漏問題，除非注意避免施加嚴重的外部載荷、嚴重的熱梯度或兩者兼而有之。

Low Temperature低溫

Some materials, especially some carbon steel materials, exhibit a significant decrease in ductility when used at low temperatures, and thus cannot withstand impact load, sudden stress changes, and high stress concentrations. Some regulations require an impact test even when the temperature is above -29 °C (−20°F).

一些材料，特別是一些碳鋼材料，在低溫下使用時延展性顯著降低，因此無法承受衝擊載荷、突然的應力變化和高應力集中。即使溫度高於-29°C（-20°F），一些法規也要求進行衝擊試驗。

System Hydrostatic Testing係統水壓試驗

Flanged joints and flanged fittings may be subjected to system hydrostatic tests at a pressure of 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) rating rounded off to the next higher 1 bar (25 psi)
increment. Testing at any higher pressure is the responsibility of the user,taking into account the requirements of the applicable code or regulation.

法蘭接頭和法蘭配件可以在38°C（100°F）額定值的1.5倍壓力下進行係統靜水壓試驗，四舍五入到下一個更高的1巴（25磅/平方英寸）

增量。考慮到適用規範或法規的要求，用戶有責任在任何更高的壓力下進行測試。

Identification Markings識別標記

A ASME B16.5 flange shall furnished with below marking requirements. Flange and flange fittings shall be marked in accordance with MSS SP-25 except for modifications to this specification.

ASME B16.5法蘭應具有以下標記要求。除本規範的修改外，法蘭和法蘭配件應按照MSS SP-25進行標記。

• Name: Manufacturer name or trademark製造商名稱或商標
• Material: Cast or Forged, material standard ASTM xxx.材料：鑄造或鍛造，材料標準ASTM xxx。
• Pressure Ratings: Class 150 to 2500壓力等級：150至2500級
• Conformance: ASME B16.5 or other B16 standard.符合性：ASME B16.5或其他B16標準。
• Temperature溫度
• Size尺寸
• Ring Joint Flanges: Shall be marked with letter R and ring groove number.環形接頭法蘭：應標有字母R和環形槽編號。
• Multiple Material Marking: In case multiple material used.多種材料標記：如果使用多種材料。

Materials材料

Material required for flanges and flanged fittings commonly are:法蘭和法蘭配件所需的材料通常是：

• ASTM A105 for forged carbon steel flange·ASTM A105鍛造碳鋼法蘭
• ASTM A350 for forged carbon steel, low alloy steel flange ·ASTM A350適用於鍛造碳鋼、低合金鋼法蘭
• ASTM A182 for alloy steel flange and stainless steel flange·ASTM A182適用於合金鋼法蘭和不鏽鋼法蘭
• ASTM A216 for casting carbon steel flanges·ASTM A216鑄造碳鋼法蘭
• ASTM A352, ASTM A217
• ASTM A515 Gr 70, 65 for plates flange·ASTM A515 Gr 70，65用於板法蘭
• ASTM A516 Gr 70, 65 for carbon and low alloy steel plates flange·ASTM A516 Gr 70，65用於碳和低合金鋼板法蘭
• ASTM A203, A204
• ASTM A387 Gr 11, 22, 91 CL 2 for alloy steel plates flange   ASTM A387 Gr 11, 22, 91 CL 2 for alloy steel plates flange
• ASTM A240 Grade 304/L, 316/L for stainless steel plate flange  ·ASTM A240 304/L、316/L級不鏽鋼板法蘭

Notes:筆記：

1. Plate and flat bar materials shall be used only for blind flanges and reducing flanges without hubs.

（1） 板和扁鋼材料隻能用於無輪轂的盲板法蘭和異徑法蘭。

(2) Flanges and flanged fittings shall be manufactured as one piece in accordance with the applicable material specification. Assembly of multiple pieces into the finished product by welding or other means is not permitted by this Standard

（2） 法蘭和法蘭配件應按照適用的材料規範作為一個整體製造。本標準不允許通過焊接或其他方式將多個零件組裝成成品

Mechanical properties機械性能

The mechanical properties shall be determined from the specimen and the specimen shall represent the final heat treated condition of the material as required by the material standard.

機械性能應由試樣確定，試樣應代表材料標準要求的材料最終熱處理狀態。

Bolts螺栓

Include high strength bolts, medium strength bolts, low strength bolts and bolts for grey cast iron flanges.

包括高強度螺栓、中強度螺栓、低強度螺栓和灰口鑄鐵法蘭螺栓。

Gasket墊片

The material of the ring gasket shall comply with ASME B 16.20. The user is responsible for selecting gasket materials that are suitable for operating conditions, can withstand bolt loads, and do not cause cracking.

環形墊片的材料應符合ASME B 16.20。用戶有責任選擇適合操作條件、能夠承受螺栓載荷且不會導致開裂的墊片材料。

ASME B16.5 Flange DimensionsASME B16.5法蘭尺寸

ASME B16.5 flange dimensions including different pressure ratings for weld neck flange, slip on flange, blind flange, reducing flange, socket weld flange, threaded flange, view below for more details.

ASME B16.5法蘭尺寸，包括焊頸法蘭、滑套法蘭、盲板法蘭、異徑法蘭、承插焊法蘭、螺紋法蘭的不同壓力等級，詳見下圖。

Class 150, 300, 600 Flange Dimensions150、300、600級法蘭尺寸

• Ring Joint Facing Dimensions  環形接頭端麵尺寸
• Class 150 Flange Dimensions  150級法蘭尺寸
• Class 300 Flange Dimensions  300級法蘭尺寸
• Class 600, 900, 1500, 2500 Flange Dimensions  600、900、1500、2500級法蘭尺寸

Tolerance公差

In order to determine compliance with this standard, where a fixed effective number is required where the limits, maximum and minimum values are specified, rounding shall be  in accordance with the method defined in ASTM Practice E29.

為了確定是否符合本標準，如果需要一個固定的有效數字，其中規定了限值、最大值和最小值，則應按照ASTM規程E29中定義的方法進行四舍五入。

Required tolerances for different flanges and flanged fittings elements are as follows:

不同法蘭和法蘭配件元件的所需公差如下：

Center to Contract Surfaces and Center to End Tolerances中心到合同表麵和中心到端公差

(a). Center-to-Contract Surfaces other than Ring Joint除環形接頭外的中心至接觸麵

(b). Center-to-End (Ring Joint)中心到端（環形接頭）

(c). Center surface-to-Contact surface other than ring joint中心表麵至接觸麵（環形接頭除外）

(d). End-to-End端到端

Tolerances for Flange Facings法蘭麵公差

For both flange and flanged fittings facings tolerances are as follows:法蘭和法蘭配件的表麵公差如下：

(a) Inside and outside diameter of large and small tongue and groove and female, ±0.5 mm (±0.02 in.). 大小榫槽和陰螺紋的內徑和外徑，±0.5 mm（±0.02 in.）。
(b) Outside diameter,2.0 mm (0.06 in.) raised face, ±1.0 mm (±0.03 in.). 外徑，2.0毫米（0.06英寸）凸麵，±1.0毫米（±0.03英寸）。
(c) Outside diameter, 7.0 mm (0.25 in.) raised face, ±0.5 mm (±0.02 in.).  外徑，7.0毫米（0.25英寸）凸麵，±0.5毫米（±0.02英寸）。
(d) Ring joint groove tolerances are shown in Table 5 (Table II-5 of Mandatory Appendix II in ASME B16.5) 環接頭槽公差如表5所示（ASME B16.5強製性附錄II表II-5）
(e)Perpendicularity of the face with the bore as below table表麵與鑽孔的垂直度如下表所示

Flange thickness tolerances法蘭厚度公差

The plus tolerance is applicable to bolting bearing surfaces whether as-forged, as-cast, spot-faced, or back-faced.

正公差適用於螺栓連接軸承表麵，無論是鍛造、鑄造、點焊還是背麵。

Welding end flange ends and hubs焊接端部法蘭端和輪轂

Outside Diameter外徑

For welding ends of welding neck flanges nominal outside diameter as follows:焊接頸法蘭的焊接端標稱外徑如下：

Inside Diameter內徑

Tolerances for nominal inside diameter of welding ends of weld neck flange and socket weld flange with smaller bore.

焊接頸法蘭和小口徑承插焊法蘭焊接端的標稱內徑公差。

1. For figures 7 (Bevel for wall thickness  from 5 mm to 22 mm), figure 8 (greater than 22 mm) and figure 4 (Straight Hub Welding Flange) in ASME B16.5.

（a） 對於ASME B16.5中的圖7（壁厚為5mm至22mm的斜麵）、圖8（大於22mm）和圖4（直輪轂焊接法蘭）。

For figure 9 (Inside Contour for Use With Rectangular Backing Ring)圖9（與矩形墊環一起使用的內部輪廓）

Backing ring contact surface墊環接觸麵

Length through hub on welding neck flanges焊接頸法蘭上穿過輪轂的長度

Flange Bore Diameter法蘭孔直徑

Lapped and Slip-On Flange Bores研磨和滑動法蘭孔

Counter Bores, Threaded Flanges鑽孔、螺紋法蘭

Counter Bores, Socket Welding Flanges鑽孔、承插焊接法蘭

Pressure Test壓力測試

No pressure test is required on the flange.法蘭無需進行壓力測試。

Flanged fitting should be tested for shell pressure. 法蘭接頭應進行殼體壓力測試。 

Shell Pressure Test for Flanged Fittings法蘭管件的殼體壓力試驗

The shell pressure test for flanged fittings shall be at a pressure no less than 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) pressure rating rounded off to the next higher 1 bar (25 psi) increment.

法蘭配件的殼體壓力試驗應在不小於38°C（100°F）壓力額定值1.5倍的壓力下進行，四舍五入到下一個更高的1bar（25磅/平方英寸）增量。

Test Conditions試驗條件

The shell pressure test for flanged fittings shall be at a pressure no less than 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) pressure rating rounded off to the next higher 1 bar (25 psi) increment

法蘭配件的殼體壓力試驗應在不小於38°C（100°F）壓力額定值1.5倍的壓力下進行，四舍五入到下一個更高的1bar （25磅/平方英寸）增量

Test Duration測試持續時間